Electricity

220 volts AC, 50Hz. The European two-pin plug is standard.

Language

Turkish is the official language, but English is widely understood in the main tourist areas.

Money

The official currency is the Turkish lira (TRY), which is divided into 100 kurus. Currency can be exchanged at banks, exchange booths, post offices, airports, and ferry ports. Travellers should note that banks have the worst rates but will exchange lesser known foreign currencies. Banks open mainly Monday to Friday, but some are open daily in tourist areas. Major credit cards are widely accepted; the most popular are Visa or MasterCard, but American Express is also accepted in some areas. Some hotels in the most popular destinations accept US dollars as payment.

Tipping

Tipping is a way of life in Turkey and it is customary to give some small change for most services, or a small percent of the bill. In bigger hotels and restaurants if a service charge is not added to the bill, it is customary to tip between 10 and 15 percent. For taxi fares it is enough to round up the bill. Attendants at Turkish baths expect to share between 10 to 20 percent of the total bill if service has been good.

Health

There are no vaccination requirements for travelling to Turkey other than that everyone 12 years of age and older should get fully vaccinated for COVID-19 before visiting. Mosquitoes can be an irritation in mid-summer but malaria is not considered a risk in the main tourist areas of the west and south-west. Most tap water in the larger towns and cities has been chlorinated, but bottled water is still recommended for drinking. Food from street vendors should be treated with caution unless it is obviously fresh or hot. The standard of healthcare is not high in state hospitals but the private health sector is well-regarded, and modern facilities exist in private hospitals in Ankara and Istanbul. Travel insurance is recommended.

Safety

Street crime is low, but visitors should guard their valuables at all times. They should also avoid any public demonstrations and remember that many parts of Turkey lie on a major seismic fault line and are subject to earthquakes and tremors. As in many Western countries, there is a threat from terrorism in Turkey and there have been a number of incidents, including explosions in Istanbul, the capital Ankara, and in the coastal tourist resorts. The Istanbul Ataturk International Airport has been the most recent target. There are also continuing incidents of local terrorism in eastern Turkey, particularly the southeast.

Local customs

While it is difficult to make sweeping statements about a country that runs from Armenia to Greece, the Turkish people are generally welcoming and hospitable. Most visitors will stay in modern Istanbul or in one of the popular holiday resorts, where locals are likely to be fairly open-minded; however, tourists should respect religious customs, particularly during the month of Ramadan. Visitors should dress modestly when visiting mosques or religious shrines; there is a smoking ban on all forms of public transport and in outdoor venues.

Doing business

In Turkey, business associates are addressed by their first names. If the associate is male, then his name is followed by 'bey', and 'hanim' is used for females. A formal, conservative dress code is observed in Turkey, and women should be careful to dress particularly conservatively. Gifts are common and are usually something the associate would use in business such as a pen or other office stationary. Business hours throughout Turkey are generally 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday with an hour taken over lunch.

Duty free

Travellers to Turkey do not have to pay duty on the following items: 200 cigarettes, or 50 cigars, or 200g tobacco; 1 litre of alcohol over 22 percent volume or 2 litres under 22 percent volume; 120 ml of perfume or eau-de-cologne; and 1,5 km of (instant) coffee and 500g of tea.

Communications

The international country dialling code for Turkey is +90. WiFi is increasingly easily available, and visitors can purchase local prepaid SIM cards for unlocked phones.

Passport & Visa

All passports must be valid for at least the period of stay. All travellers to Turkey are required to hold return or onward tickets, documents for the next destination and sufficient funds for the period of their stay. It is highly recommended that travellers' passports have at least six months' validity remaining after the intended date of departure from their travel destination. Immigration officials often apply different rules to those stated by travel agents and official sources.

Entry requirements

US passport holders must have a passport that is valid for six months beyond date of entry. A visa is required.

Passports should be valid for at least 6 months from the entry date. British Citizens travelling to Turkey for tourist or business purposes are able to travel without a visa for visits of up to 90 days in any 180-day period.

Passports must be valid for at least 60 days beyond the duration of stay. Canadian nationals require visas to enter Turkey.

Australian passport holders must have a valid visa. Passports must be valid for at least 150 days from the date of arrival.

South African passports must be valid for at least six months from the intended date of arrival. South African nationals require a visa to enter Turkey.

Irish nationals require a visa to enter Turkey. Passports must be valid for at least six months longer than the expiry date on the requested visa.

New Zealand nationals require a visa to enter Turkey. Passports must be valid for at least six months longer than the expiry date on the requested visa. Visas are required for stays longer than 90 days.

Useful contacts

Turkish Tourist Office: +90 212 573 4136 (Istanbul) or www.tourismturkey.org

112 (Medical Emergency), 155 (Police).

Embassies / consulates in other countries

Turkish Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 202 612 6700.

Turkish Consulate, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7391 6900.

Turkish Embassy, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 789 4044.

Turkish Embassy, Canberra, Australia: +61 2 6234 0000.

Turkish Embassy, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 342 6055.

Turkish Embassy, Dublin, Ireland: +353 1 668 5240.

Turkish Embassy, Wellington, New Zealand: +64 4 472 1290.

Embassies / consulates in Turkey

United States Consulate General, Istanbul: +90 212 335 9000.

British Embassy, Ankara: +90 312 455 3344.

Canadian Embassy, Ankara: +90 312 409 2700.

Australian Embassy, Ankara: +90 312 459 9500.

South African Embassy, Ankara: +90 312 405 6861.

Irish Embassy, Ankara: +90 312 459 1000.

New Zealand Embassy, Ankara: +90 312 446 3333.